RGB加色混合 vs CMYK减色混合对比
混合原理对比:
RGB加色混合: 光线叠加,颜色越混越亮(屏幕显示原理)
CMYK减色混合: 颜料叠加,颜色越混越暗(印刷原理)
选择要混合的颜色:
颜色1
颜色2
50% : 50%
RGB加色混合结果
RGB混合结果
CMYK减色混合结果
CMYK混合结果
两种混合方式的差异分析:
RGB加色混合公式
加色混合公式:
mixed = color1 × ratio1 + color2 × ratio2
计算过程:
R = 255 × 0.5 + 0 × 0.5 = 127.5 ≈ 128
G = 0 × 0.5 + 0 × 0.5 = 0
B = 0 × 0.5 + 255 × 0.5 = 127.5 ≈ 128
结果:RGB(128, 0, 128)
mixed = color1 × ratio1 + color2 × ratio2
计算过程:
R = 255 × 0.5 + 0 × 0.5 = 127.5 ≈ 128
G = 0 × 0.5 + 0 × 0.5 = 0
B = 0 × 0.5 + 255 × 0.5 = 127.5 ≈ 128
结果:RGB(128, 0, 128)
CMYK减色混合公式
步骤1:RGB转CMYK
红色RGB(255, 0, 0) → CMYK转换:
• 归一化:R=1.0, G=0.0, B=0.0
• K = 1 - max(R,G,B) = 1 - 1.0 = 0
• C = (1-R-K)/(1-K) = (1-1.0-0)/(1-0) = 0
• M = (1-G-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• Y = (1-B-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• 结果:C=0%, M=100%, Y=100%, K=0%
蓝色RGB(0, 0, 255) → CMYK转换:
• 归一化:R=0.0, G=0.0, B=1.0
• K = 1 - max(R,G,B) = 1 - 1.0 = 0
• C = (1-R-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• M = (1-G-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• Y = (1-B-K)/(1-K) = (1-1.0-0)/(1-0) = 0
• 结果:C=100%, M=100%, Y=0%, K=0%
步骤2:CMYK减色混合(50%:50%比例)
减色混合公式:mixed = 1 - (1 - d1×ratio1) × (1 - d2×ratio2)
C通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 颜色2密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0) × (1-0.5) = 1 - 1 × 0.5 = 50%
M通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 颜色2密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0.5) × (1-0.5) = 1 - 0.5 × 0.5 = 75%
Y通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 颜色2密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0.5) × (1-0) = 1 - 0.5 × 1 = 50%
K通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 颜色2密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0) × (1-0) = 1 - 1 × 1 = 0%
混合结果CMYK:C=50%, M=75%, Y=50%, K=0%
步骤3:CMYK转回RGB
转换公式:RGB = 255 × (1-C/100) × (1-M/100) × (1-Y/100) × (1-K/100)
简化公式:RGB = 255 × (1-C) × (1-K) (每个通道独立计算)
R = 255 × (1-0.50) × (1-0) = 255 × 0.50 = 127.5 ≈ 128
G = 255 × (1-0.75) × (1-0) = 255 × 0.25 = 63.75 ≈ 64
B = 255 × (1-0.50) × (1-0) = 255 × 0.50 = 127.5 ≈ 128
最终结果:RGB(128, 64, 128)
红色RGB(255, 0, 0) → CMYK转换:
• 归一化:R=1.0, G=0.0, B=0.0
• K = 1 - max(R,G,B) = 1 - 1.0 = 0
• C = (1-R-K)/(1-K) = (1-1.0-0)/(1-0) = 0
• M = (1-G-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• Y = (1-B-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• 结果:C=0%, M=100%, Y=100%, K=0%
蓝色RGB(0, 0, 255) → CMYK转换:
• 归一化:R=0.0, G=0.0, B=1.0
• K = 1 - max(R,G,B) = 1 - 1.0 = 0
• C = (1-R-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• M = (1-G-K)/(1-K) = (1-0.0-0)/(1-0) = 1.0
• Y = (1-B-K)/(1-K) = (1-1.0-0)/(1-0) = 0
• 结果:C=100%, M=100%, Y=0%, K=0%
步骤2:CMYK减色混合(50%:50%比例)
减色混合公式:mixed = 1 - (1 - d1×ratio1) × (1 - d2×ratio2)
C通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 颜色2密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0) × (1-0.5) = 1 - 1 × 0.5 = 50%
M通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 颜色2密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0.5) × (1-0.5) = 1 - 0.5 × 0.5 = 75%
Y通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:100% × 50% = 50%
• 颜色2密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0.5) × (1-0) = 1 - 0.5 × 1 = 50%
K通道混合:
• 颜色1密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 颜色2密度:0% × 50% = 0%
• 混合结果:1 - (1-0) × (1-0) = 1 - 1 × 1 = 0%
混合结果CMYK:C=50%, M=75%, Y=50%, K=0%
步骤3:CMYK转回RGB
转换公式:RGB = 255 × (1-C/100) × (1-M/100) × (1-Y/100) × (1-K/100)
简化公式:RGB = 255 × (1-C) × (1-K) (每个通道独立计算)
R = 255 × (1-0.50) × (1-0) = 255 × 0.50 = 127.5 ≈ 128
G = 255 × (1-0.75) × (1-0) = 255 × 0.25 = 63.75 ≈ 64
B = 255 × (1-0.50) × (1-0) = 255 × 0.50 = 127.5 ≈ 128
最终结果:RGB(128, 64, 128)
实际应用场景:
RGB混合: 适用于屏幕显示、LED灯光混合等加色系统
CMYK混合: 适用于印刷、颜料调色、口红调色等减色系统
口红调色工具: 应该使用CMYK减色混合,因为口红是颜料性质的
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